Water as we all know is a crucial element for life and it cannot be wasted. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat wastewater that is produced as a by-product of industrial or commercial activities and produces a liquid effluent suitable for circulation into the process areas.

ETP stands for Effluent Treatment Plant. It is a system that removes toxic and non-toxic material from water and making it usable for various purposes. An ETP is a plant where the treatment of industrial effluents and waste waters is done. The ETP plants are used widely in industrial sector, for example, pharmaceutical industry, to remove the effluents from the bulk drugs.

Need Of ETP:

Water is basic necessity of life used for many purposes, one of which is Industrial use. Industries generally pay heavy taxes for the raw water. But water once get used gets contaminated so it should be well treated so it can satisfy the proper prerequisites of usage in the plant. Thus an effluent treatment plant is always laid down in any industrial plant.

Benefits/Advantage of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) :

• Totally integrated zero discharge system.
• By Product is marketable commodity in most of the cases.
• Complete use of condensate water.
• Compact plant requires very less space.
• No Scaling & Froth formation in evaporator.
• User friendly plant.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world. Greywater is water generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing, and can be reused more readily. Blackwater contains human waste.

Effect Of Water Pollution

Sewage is a major carrier of disease (from human wastes) and toxins (from industrial wastes). The safe treatment of sewage is thus crucial to the health of any community.

Water pollution is very harmful to humans, animals and water life. The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind of chemicals, concentrations of the pollutants and where there are polluted. Below is the major effects of water pollution:

Various Diseases

• Destruction of ecosystems
• Death of aquatic animals
• Disruption of food-chains

The basic principle of the working of a biological treatment plant is decomposition of the raw sewage. This process is done by aerating the sewage chamber with fresh air. The aerobic bacteria survive on this fresh air and decompose the raw sewage which can be disposed off in the sea.

INTRODUCTION

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane based process technology to purify water by separating the dissolved solids from feed stream resulting in permeate and reject stream for a wide range of applications in domestic as well as industrial applications. It is seen that RO technology is used to remove dissolved solids, colour, organic contaminants, and nitrate from feed stream.

PRINCIPLE

Osmosis is a natural process. When two liquids of different concentration are separated by a semi permeable membrane, the fluid has a tendency to move from low to high solute concentrations for chemical potential equilibrium.

Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing solvent from a region of high solute concentration through a semi permeable membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure which is excess of osmotic pressure.

Advantage OF RO Water

Water treatment is essential for all dimensions of life. Polluted water is the basic reason behind countless diseases. Apart from basic need of humanity Industrial water treatment seeks to manage following main advantage areas:

DRINKING WATER :-

A good R.O. system with controlled TDS can remove contaminants such as arsenic, nitrates, sodium, copper and lead, some organic chemicals, and the municipal additive fluoride which are harmful for the human body.

BOILER FEED WATER :-

• Quality of feed water can cause many benefits-
• Scaling Control (responsible for wet steam production from boiler)
• Corrosion Control (includes boiler and all distribution line accessories)
• Fuel savings
• Dry steam production
• COOLING TOWER
• RO water is used to prevent scale formation.

PROCESS APPLICATIONS

RO water is used for:

• Direct injection to maintain hygiene
• Scaling/ Corrosion control (makes life of heat exchanging equipment longer)